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Jul 6, 2023
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Sep 30, 2023
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Abstract
Obesity is a global health problem with increasing prevalence worldwide. One aspect of concern is how obesity can affect an individual's gait characteristics, leading to musculoskeletal disorders. Numerous studies have explored the gait characteristics experienced by individuals with obesity. The objective of this literature review is to provide further information on the gait characteristics of individuals with obesity, which can be utilized for the prevention of obesity-related musculoskeletal disorders. The methodology employed in this study is a literature review, creating conclusions from selected data sources from various national and international journals published between 2011 and 2021. The findings reveal that obesity can lead to decreased balance, reduced walking speed, and influence several gait characteristic parameters, such as changes in step length and width, stride length, as well as various angles formed by the knee and ankle joints during walking, resulting in a distinct gait pattern compared to normal gait. Therefore, it can be concluded that individuals with obesity are prone to exhibit an altered gait pattern, which can potentially contribute to musculoskeletal problems such as osteoarthritis.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Mintardjono, W. P. M., Wardiansah, Hartanto, Peppy Nawangsasi, & Peppy Nawangsasi. (2023). PENGARUH OBESITAS TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK POLA BERJALAN : LITERATURE REVIEW. Surabaya Biomedical Journal, 3(1), 58-74. https://doi.org/10.30649/sbj.v3i1.115
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[35] Felson DT, Zhang Y, Anthony JM, et al. Weight loss reduces the risk for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in women: The Framingham Study. Ann Intern Med. 1992;116(7):535-539.
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[37] Malnick SD, Knobler H. The medical complications of obesity. QJM. 2006;99(9):565-579.
[38] Karlsson MK, Vonschewelov T, Karlsson C, Cöster M, Rosengren BE. Prevention of falls in the elderly—a review. Osteoporos Int. 2013;24(3):747-762.
[39] Hulens M, Vansant G, Lysens R, Claessens AL, Muls E. Exercise capacity in lean versus obese women. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2001;11(5):305-309.
[40] Hill JO, Wyatt HR, Peters JC. Energy balance and obesity. Circulation. 2012;126(1):126-132.
[41] Puhl RM, Heuer CA. The stigma of obesity: a review and update. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009;17(5):941-964.
[42] Carels RA, Hinman N, Hoffmann DA, et al. Stigma, body image, and body mass index: the stigma-creation model. Eat Behav. 2004;5(2):141-151.
[43] Ostbye T, Malhotra R, Landerman LR. Body mass index and mobility disability in adults aged 65 years and older. Obes Res. 2004;12(6): 923-930.
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[2] Hu, F.B. (2008). Obesity epidemiology. Oxford University Press.
[3] Birtane, M., & Tuna, H. (2004). The evaluation of plantar pressure distribution in obese and non-obese adults. Clinical Biomechanics, 19(10), 1055-1059.
[4] World Health Organization. (2020). Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic. Available from https://www.who.int/publications/i/item/obesity-preventing-and-managing-the-global-epidemic
[5] Bluher, M. (2019). Obesity: Global epidemiology and pathogenesis. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 15(5), 288-298.
[6] Jeffrey K. More Than Half of the World Will Be Obese By 2035, Report Says [internet]. Time. 2023 [cited 20 June 2023]. Available from : https://time.com/6264865/global-obesity-rates-increasing/
[7] Direktorat Pencegahan dan Pengendalian Penyakit Tidak Menular. (2023). Buku panduan hari obesitas sedunia. Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia.
[8] Bray, G. A., Kim, K. K., Wilding, J. P. H., et al. (2017). Obesity: A chronic relapsing progressive disease process. Obesity Reviews, 18(7), 715-723.
[9] Guh, D. P., Zhang, W., Bansback, N., et al. (2009). The incidence of co-morbidities related to obesity and overweight: A systematic review and meta-analysis. BMC Public Health, 9(1), 88.
[10] World Health Organization. (2019). Body mass index - BMI. Available from https://www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/disease-prevention/nutrition/a-healthy-lifestyle/body-mass-index-bmi
[11] Marion T, Tony E. (2011). Human Movement: An Introductory Text. USA: Elsevier/Churchill Livingstone.
[12] Christopher K. (2006). Clinical Gait Analysis: Theory and Practice. Philadelphia-USA: Elsevier.
[13] Perry, J. (2010). Gait analysis: Normal and pathological function. SLACK Incorporated.
[14] Whittle, M. W. (2007). Gait analysis: An introduction. Butterworth-Heinemann.
[15] Rose, J., & Gamble, J. G. (2006). Human walking. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
[16] Winter, D. A. (2009). Biomechanics and motor control of human movement. John Wiley & Sons.
[17] Crenshaw, S. J., & Richards, J. G. (2006). Normative data for foot-ground clearance during walking. Gait & Posture, 23(3), 329-334.
[18] Kisner, C., & Colby, L. A. (2017). Therapeutic exercise: Foundations and techniques. St. Louis, MO: Elsevier.
[19] Neptune, R. R., Kautz, S. A., & Zajac, F. E. (2001). Contributions of the individual ankle plantar flexors to support, forward progression and swing initiation during walking. Journal of Biomechanics, 34(11), 1387-1398.
[20] Tânia, C., Cibelle, K. M., Flávia, M. G., et al. (2013). The impact of obesity in the kinematic parameters of gait in young women. Int J Gen Med, 24(6),507-13.
[21] Paolo, C., Michele, G., Lucia, D., Andrea, F., et al. (2021). Effect of Obesity on Knee and Ankle Biomechanics during Walking.Sensors (Basel),21(21): 7114.
[22] Paavo, V., Timo, B., Tarja, L., Marko, H., et al. (2012). Kinematic and kinetic changes in obese gait in bariatric surgery-induced weight loss. J Biomech, 26;45(10):1769-74.
[23] Maturin, T. T. , Karine, P. , Nadine, S. , Mélanie, L. G., et al. (2020). Gait speed and body mass index: Results from the AMI study. PLoS One, 10;15(3):e0229979.
[24] Fitria, D., & Berawi, K. (2020). Hubungan obesitas terhadap keseimbangan postural. JIMKI: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa Kedokteran Indonesia, 7(2), 76-89.
[25] Hannah, D. P., Celia, P., Darla, S., et al. (2012). Biomechanical Effects of Obesity on Balance. International Journal of Exercise Science, 5(4).4
[26] Yohanes, P. M. A., Trisia, L. A., Miranti, et al. (2011). Hubungan antara Obesitas dengan Keseimbangan Postural pada Mahasiswa Universitas Esa Unggul. Jurnal Fisioterapi, 20(1).
[27] Aparna, S., Menakshi, S., Nitesh, B., et al. (2011). Effects of obesity on balance and gait alterations in young adults. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 2011; 55 (3) : 227-233.
[28] Rajib, M., Palash, C. B., Rani, B. R. , et al. (2021). Associations of obesity with balance and gait among young adults in Bangladesh. J Xiangya Med, 6(16).
[29] Błaszczyk, J. W., Orawiec, R., & Duda-Kłodowska, D. (2017). Postural stability in obese and non-obese young women. Collegium Antropologicum, 41(2), 155-162.
[30] Joana, M., Nuno, B., Alejandro, S., et al. (2018). Nutritional status and gait speed in a nationwide population-based sample of older adults. Sci Rep, 8(1):4227. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-22584-3.
[31] Daekyoo Kim,Cara L. Lewis,Simone V. Gill. (2021). Effects of obesity and foot arch height on gait mechanics: A cross-sectional study. PLoS ONE 16(11): e0260398.
[32] Cimolin, Veronica, Nicola Cau, Manuela Galli, and Paolo Capodaglio. (2020). Balance Control in Obese Subjects during Quiet Stance: A State-of-the Art. Applied Sciences 10, no. 5: 1842. https://doi.org/10.3390/app10051842
[33] Nantel J, Mathieu ME, Prince F. Physical activity and obesity: biomechanical and physiological key concepts. J Obes. 2011;2011:650230. doi: 10.1155/2011/650230. Epub 2010 Nov 22. PMID: 21113311; PMCID: PMC2990021.
[34] H. K. Kim and L. -S. Chou. (2021). Use of Musculoskeletal Modeling to Examine Lower Limb Muscle Contribution to Gait Balance Control: Effects of Overweight. IEEE International Conference on Digital Health (ICDH), Chicago, IL, USA, 2021, pp. 315-317, doi: 10.1109/ICDH52753.2021.00056
[35] Felson DT, Zhang Y, Anthony JM, et al. Weight loss reduces the risk for symptomatic knee osteoarthritis in women: The Framingham Study. Ann Intern Med. 1992;116(7):535-539.
[36] Vincent HK, Heywood K, Connelly J, et al. Obesity and weight loss in the treatment and prevention of osteoarthritis. PM R. 2012;4(5 Suppl):S59-67.
[37] Malnick SD, Knobler H. The medical complications of obesity. QJM. 2006;99(9):565-579.
[38] Karlsson MK, Vonschewelov T, Karlsson C, Cöster M, Rosengren BE. Prevention of falls in the elderly—a review. Osteoporos Int. 2013;24(3):747-762.
[39] Hulens M, Vansant G, Lysens R, Claessens AL, Muls E. Exercise capacity in lean versus obese women. Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2001;11(5):305-309.
[40] Hill JO, Wyatt HR, Peters JC. Energy balance and obesity. Circulation. 2012;126(1):126-132.
[41] Puhl RM, Heuer CA. The stigma of obesity: a review and update. Obesity (Silver Spring). 2009;17(5):941-964.
[42] Carels RA, Hinman N, Hoffmann DA, et al. Stigma, body image, and body mass index: the stigma-creation model. Eat Behav. 2004;5(2):141-151.
[43] Ostbye T, Malhotra R, Landerman LR. Body mass index and mobility disability in adults aged 65 years and older. Obes Res. 2004;12(6): 923-930.
[44] Vincent HK, Vincent KR, Lamb KM. Obesity and mobility disability in the older adult. Obes Rev. 2010;11(8):568-579